How Bloodletting And Human Sacrifice - 1235 Words

The practice of bloodletting and human sacrifice ritual is undoubtedly important in the life of the Mayans. The bloodletting allows the ruler the ability to communicate with the Gods and their ancestors. While the human sacrifice is connected to the continuation of the cosmos and the resurrection of the agricultural seasons. A summary and a discussion of the book Popol Vuh is presented, on the topic of reassurance theme of human sacrifice is addressed in this paper. The examination of how bloodletting and human sacrifice is crucial to the Mayan culture, and how these rituals provided the stability of social and political aspect of the Mayan society. Introduction Mesoamerica is the area in which the ancient Maya had lived, and is the area where modern Mayans are still reside. According to Coe, the Mayan geographic can range from Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Yucatan Peninsula, and the Mexican States of Chiapas and Tabasco (1966:17). Yet these areas are not limited to just Mayan. Many structural architecture remains today has proven the complexity of the Mayan culture in Mesoamerica. The Mayan history consisted of three main phases. The Preclassic period, the Classic period, and the Late Classic period. With each period containing several subdivisions. The Preclassic period started at the time civilization first emerged in Mesoamerica, around 1500 B.C., to about A.D. 250/300. The Preclassic period phase contained three subdivisions. The Early Preclassic, theShow MoreRelatedHuman Sacrifice And The Gods Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesdripped down off the sacrificial table as the priest cuts out the man’s heart to offer it to the gods.â€Å" The occurrence of human sacrifice can usually be related to the recognition of human blood as the sacred life force†(â€Å"Human Sacrificing†). The thought of human sacrificing may seem inhuman or uncivilized; however, in the ancient times, it was considered a prayer for better times. Human sacrificing was not only a ritual act to earn a god s favor, but also for a greater cause. Usually people would benefitRead MoreAncient Civilization And The Mayan People917 Words   |  4 PagesEvery ancient civilization had a set of beliefs and the Mayan people were no different. The Mayan people believed in two worlds, the â€Å"everyday world and the underworld, or the Place of Awe,† (2012). The Mayans believed in many gods, human sacrifice and the burial process for the poor and the kings were very different. The Mayans became around 250 AD and the Olmec’s influenced their religious culture. It was not until 900 AD that the Mayans began to flourish in cities across modern day Mexico, GuatemalaRead MoreThe Gods Of Aztec Religion975 Words   |  4 Pagesaround to date. Just how complex the culture was the religion followed suit. The Aztec religion was an intricate part of their way of life. The Aztec’s believed in a completely different way than most religions are today. We will discuss some of the early beginnings of the religion and how it got started all the way to the details of what and how they believed and â€Å"prayed†. As most people know the Aztec’s as well as the Mayan culture believed heavily in a many gods, sacrifices, and all nature aroundRead MoreThe Aztec Human Sacrifices Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe Aztec civilization was a very complex society that was feared and known well for their various gory sacrifices done to please their many god s in their polytheistic religion. The much feared civilization began by the exile of one of the two Toltec leaders, which lead to the decline of the Toltec state that was later replaced by Mexica, or the Aztecs. According to the Aztecs, the land chosen to build their main city was chosen by the portrayal of an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in itsRead MoreMayan Culture vs. the Seven Dimensions of Religion1038 Words   |  5 PagesMayan Culture vs. the Seven Dimensions of Religion Since the dawn of humanity, human beings have been contemplating the meaning of life, searching for answers to make sense of their existence. Even ancient people tried to answer the same taunting questions about their purpose on earth and the questions about the world, which people nowadays search for. Thus, in seeking the answers, ancient people created religions, usually based on their understanding of cosmology. Cosmology is a general understandingRead MoreThe Mayan Culture Of Mesoamerica1840 Words   |  8 PagesWhich aid many archeologists today in the understanding of the historical records of the Mayan civilization. The Maya were once thought to be a peaceful culture and removed from activities such as human sacrifice and blood offerings (Schele and Miller 1986:15). However, human sacrifice and bloodletting rituals are unquestionably important in the Mayan culture as demonstrated through Maya art and hieroglyphic texts. By performing such act, Maya rulers and elite participa nt would be able to openedRead MoreThe Maya And The Mayan Civilization1439 Words   |  6 Pagesarchitectural people, their religion still had a vital role in their lives. One thing the ancient Mayans did was have festivals, which would tie into their harvest. It was a big celebration for the thanking the gods for their plentiful harvest. It was like how the Pilgrims celebrated Thanksgiving. The Mayans were known for keeping track of their times of harvest (Jarus). Some of the important things the Mayans planted were corn, or as they called it â€Å"maize,† beans, squash, and cassava (manioc) (Maya, McManus)Read MoreThe Ideas Of Regeneration Of Time And Calendrical Rites1548 Words   |  7 Pagesthe gods at Teotihaucan, the Sun of Motion, Nahui Ollin, is created. Just as the gods had to sacrifice themselves, so humans must supply their own hearts and blood to ensure that the fifth sun continues to move in its path.† (Aztec and Maya Myths, Page 44) ; which demonstrates the regeneration and periodic purification aspect, because at the end of a 52 year cycle the Aztecs would need to make sacrifices in order to keep the world going. This can be further confirmed when Mircea Eliade says â€Å"RegenerationRead MoreArt Of The Indigenous Americas2071 Words   |  9 Pagesthe American continents over the past five hundred years. Artworks and archaeological sites of the Indigenous Americas provide archaeologists and scholars with crucial information about how the indigenous people lived, their beliefs and the influence of these beliefs on their religious practices and rituals, and how their societies were structured. Chavin Archaeological Site is located in the high valleys of the Peruvian Andes. It has a striking appearance, complete with a complex of terraces and squaresRead MoreThe Culture Of The Mayas, And The Aztecs1693 Words   |  7 PagesMayas, and the Aztecs has been extremely fundamental in understanding my ancestry, being that I am Mexican American. I took an interest in their beautiful architecture, their ritualistic and sacrificial religious practices, as well as their history and how they began. Throughout this paper I will outline the similarities and differences of these two cultures, as well as articulate an understanding of the humanity disciplines outlined above. The Maya are probably the best-known of the classical civilizations

Cheating Is A Decision Made By The Individual Student Essay

Many students of today may or may not choose to cheat. Cheating is a decision made by the individual student. The universal academic definition for cheating is obtaining or attempting to obtain answers or information towards your work from either a classmate or a different resource such as the internet. Cheating can even be giving information or answers to another individual in hope of them receiving credit for the work they did not do on their own. In all if the answer or information did not come from your own knowledge and understanding then it is considered cheating. Students do not cheat just solely one reason, the action of cheating can be cause by several of reasons. Students may cheat because of their lack in memory of long lectures, or their little to none learning resources given to them by their school, they may even cheat because of time management issues and heavy workloads. Karl max came up with the conflict theory, separating the haves and the have nots. The students w ho cheat are most likely to be the have nots and the students who don’t are most likely to be the haves. The philosopher and social scientist from the Nineteenth century Karl Max, came up with a theory that would have a massive impact on the study of society. The conflict theory claims that society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources. Which are the haves and the have nots. The haves have a great opportunity ofShow MoreRelatedCheating And The Test Of Cheating1340 Words   |  6 Pagesdoubt that countless students know how to cheat. Academic cheating is an undisclosed process that occurs at all schools. This is the process of gaining info or using information for use on a test without permission from the proctor of the test. The steps are simple and easy to hide from the average teacher administrating the test. Many students try their hand at cheating due to its rather lucrative outcome in terms of grades versus the ratio of time spent on the process of cheating. Moreover, if doneRead MoreEssay about Kant ´s Theory: Categorical Imperative and it s Rules827 Words   |  4 Pagesmay make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness†. Two things that are not compatible are what an individual should do and what the individual wants to do. When an individual does what they want to do they end up in a road that will lead them into immediate happiness but will not benefit them in the long run. On the other hand when the individual is doing what they should do it will bring them a feeling of discomfort and unhappiness but will benefit them at the end. TheRead MoreThe Sports Aren Illegal Recruiting And Paying Athletes778 Words   |  4 Pagesedge. From students in medical school, pilots, olympic athletes, to corporate employees, the line between success and failure against one’s competitor is extremely thin. The Southern Economic Journal states: Competition among individuals comes in a variety of forms: for mates, for resources, and for prestige and recognition. Such competitive pressure can lead individuals to engage in unethical behavior in an effort to get ahead. There are several forms of cheating in which individuals may engageRead MoreCheating to Success Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesaccess affecting the learning process of today’s youth? Could students not be learning the material and simply just be doing a web search for it. Why bother and learn the material, when it can just be looked up whenever it is wanted. The current generation is both benefiting and loosing from the era of technology. On one hand they have instant access to most of humanities known subjects, on the other there is much less reason to learn. Students have always cheated now they are just using different methodsRead MoreEthics As Explained By Robert J. Sternberg1291 Words   |  6 PagesFrom time to time an individual may deliberate bac k and forth internally, questioning what the right behavior is when faced with a particular situation in which a decision has to be made. Some situations are a little bit more difficult than whether or not to get up in the morning with the alarm clock or to adhere to one’s workout schedule. Some may also have a greater impact not only on the individual themselves, but also others than simply sleeping in or putting exercise on hold for another dayRead MoreWest Point Cheating Incident Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesWest Cheating Incident Case Running Head: West Point Cheating Incident Case Submitted By: Warren Frazier For: Advanced Organizational Behavior 1 April 2014 West Point Cheating Case Description The success of a major corporation depends primarily on the development and completion of its mission statement. In order to achieve success, make profits and remain competitive in today’s market. Most organizationsRead MoreReflection Paper On Academic Integrity805 Words   |  4 Pagesacademic integrity was as simple â€Å"not cheating.† I considered it a policy solely implemented to ensure that students learned the material. To me, cheating was mostly plagiarism, or trying to pass off someone else’s work as your own. It was not until I completed the program that I began to understand the long-term effects of cheating on the peers, the professor, and the institution. Now, I understand that cheating affects not just me, but also the other students in my courses and the university’s reputationRead More The Problem of Internet Plagiarism Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesof Internet Plagiarism In November 2001, CNN reported a case of alleged rampant plagiarism at the University of Virginia involving 72 cases and 148 students. What happened at the University of Virginia is only one of many cases of plagiarism faced everyday all over the world. Plagiarism itself is not a new problem, but the Internet has made a difficult situation even more complex. According to Ryan: Plagiarized work used to be generated through frat house recycling efforts, purchased fromRead MoreThe Code Of Honor Violation967 Words   |  4 Pagesduring my regular chemistry lecture I made a mistake of violating the University of Texas at Arlington’s Integrity Code of Honor through taking an impulsive step of submitting another student quiz during his absence in the class. In this reflective essay I will answer all the question asked by the Office of Student conduct in each paragraphs respectively. This includes: the factors and the consequences of my inappropriate behavior, self-realization during the student conduct process, and providing assuranceRead MoreReport On Ethical Decision Making1055 Words   |  5 PagesRequested report on Business Students and their Ethical decision-making As requested, here is the report on ethical decision making and how it affects business students. This report focuses on ethical decisions and how important they are, or aren’t, to commerce students. The report features information from scholarly articles and books relating to business ethics. Mainly, what ethics are, what factors impact ethical decisions, and how universities have taken steps to improve students ethics and behaviour

Australian Contract Law Conducting Businesses

Question: Describe about the Australian Contract Law for Conducting Businesses. Answer: Introduction The relation which develops between different people while conducting business or any sort of barter develops a unique correlation along with the primary one. The correlation often encompasses of different things which join up and hence formulate a mutual existence. The overall belief around the world between rational business men is that the nature of business has always been firm on the verbal commitments before a full fledge contract design. This particular quality of verbal agreement reveals how business has been always affiliated with good intentions rather than shady attitudes, it has always been successful between people who fulfill their responsibilities rather than to shy away from them. The book of law in the Australian courts has been projecting towards ethical business measures and reveals that how this particular activity has been cemented since the dawn of mankind in a trust worthy attitude and aesthetic towards not only being honest but also devotional towards the prod uct rather than just launching and throwing it away (Wiseman Kovarsky 2014). The world operates on different terms and conditions while making deals with other people, these deals have been prescribed onto pieces of paper which have legal constraints, and are embedded with different relevant laws and thus are known as contracts. These contracts not only promulgate how the deal is going to be done but also an array of different calculations and restraints from both the client and the contractors. The formation and ethical approach to these contracts while abiding the law have been discussed below. Formation and Application of Australian Contracts The very essence of a contract is what actually divides its formation into different parts, each of these parts covers the entire modules required to conduct the business. These parts are in different forms and many deals with the ambiguities clients often have to face while in the procedure of these business deals. Each and every contract is based on some proper rules and regulations which are meant to be implemented in a contract. Some terms and conditions are strictly followed in Australian contract law. It is necessary for both the parties to observe the conditions strictly while making a contract. Contract laws usually varies from state to state but the common contract law is observed throughout the country. Some of the formation steps will be discussed here. The very formation for these contracts and the parts have been defined as the most crucial steps in the promise making venture, each of these steps is necessary to consider and are stated as following. Offer The offer clause or part in the contract is the decided amount which is promulgated by the client in order to get a task done whereas the clients offer different prices in the form which is known as bidding. When considering the paradigm of offer, there are many scopes which can be pondered upon and have been defined by the Australian Contract law to be strictly kept in prior notice (Wilson Sandford-Couch 2016). In Australia, offers are generally placed under different scenarios whereas the court orders that these scenarios are to be mentioned separately and in a way which can be understood by the client. Many of these offers are often made to collective establishments of people and sometimes these offers are made to individual people running the companies. There are many reason to why an offer can be termed as unaccepted by the contractors. The first case which deals with the termination is that the contractors who have made the offers can simply deem any offer as insufficient or s imply not to their content which the Australian laws allow them to. However in the cases of the offer to be not suffice enough, the law also allows the client to make different offers if the contractors agree on the terms, these offers are still liable to the contractors for his innate decision of either acceptance or rejection. The case of death of contractors or time running out for these offers also permanently under the Australian Law terminates the offers. The general rejection of the offer is to be submitted to the clients in the form of either direct or non direct communication, the Australian Law has made it compulsory for these notifications to the client in order to save the sanctity of both parties (Sims 2016). In the cases of different disagreements between the contractors and the clients, the third party rule can be applied which can help to sort off the matter. Consideration The consideration under the Australian Contract law has been over the years recognized as a very important factor in making different contracts. The consideration has been also defined as the verbal acceptance by the contractors in paying some amount of money to the clients in order of their fulfillment of the deal. These conditions have been moderated to many extents since the law has been drafted, whereas the common practice in paying some amount of money at the signing of the deal has been considered as a good consideration. Intentions The nature of this particular clause under the formation of Australian Contract law holds paramount of importance while devising such type of legal papers. The intention critically defines that how the contract is to be made in a way which not only fulfills the considerations clauses but also helps to make both parties in a legal bond together. This legal bond has been however in the recent years made necessary by the High Court of Australia because of many cases appearing in the courts where companies did not have intentions clause in their agreements and thus suffered huge losses (Schwenzer et al. 2012). The example of Air great lakes and the company known as Easter is the most famous in Supreme courts up to this date. The first party known as Air great lakes when approached the courts in order to claim the damages made on the contract and the equipment, suffered a defeat in the case as the second company known as Easter argued how the contract did not hold any sort of intentions t owards a legal bond between both companies. These intentions clause however have been made and because of their profound presence in different commercial dealings have been in much importance rather than other types of agreements which only require social and family deals. Different Capacities The Australian Court of law has enforced over the years a myriad of different capacities which needs to be avoided if the proper formation of a contract needs to exist between two different parties. Amongst the first of these ones is that the contract can be voided at any times if any of the two parties suffer a mental disability. The case of Miss Gibbons and her sisters over an acquisition of a property was ruled in the favor of gibbons because of her valid claims with proofs that how her two sister manipulated the owner ship of the property from joint to singular because they suffered from mental illnesses. The capacity clause also deals with different situations such as the intoxication part which terms the contract as void if it has been drafted, signed and agreed under the influence of alcohol. The common law in Australia has also formed different measures of avoidance of these contracts between the minor people and the people on the verge of possible bankruptcy. The Signing Formality The formation of an Australian Contract has been termed as insufficient and incomplete without the formalities being abided by both parties, however these formalities often are different in cases such as the contracts which involve the exchange of lands require both parties to sign the contract, the process of business dealings and social job allocations require just the employee to sign a contract with the company (Pargendler 2016). The above made clauses have made significant impacts on the formation of Australian Contract laws because of different cases being enrolled in the high courts of the country every day. These clauses have been made necessary if the formation is to be ensured. Principles of Australian Contracts The fair share of different principles which have been involved in the Australian law contracts has made dealings easy between different clients. Some of these important principles have been discussed below (Poole 2012). The privacy The Nature of the Australian law introduces a general principle of privacy in these contracts which not ensures the sanctity of the deal but also provides a safe space for all the working to be done. The privacy law states that the contract when made between two different parties cannot be inferred and interjected by any other part even if the contract has been designed to give primal benefits to the third party (O'Sullivan Hilliard 2016). Terms and Conditions The importance in understanding both of these words under the common law of Australian and the contractual law devised by the courts holds significant importance in the business world. The terms are the articulated vision of the deals in form of different regulations which are in harmony with the Australian law, the party that which is found by the law and the court in the event of breaching of these terms are subjected to a termination clause by the opposing party with all favors on their side (Ndekugri Rycroft 2014). Whereas the terms when related with conditions allow for the opposing party to make reasonable and different claims other than the decided ones in the contract. The ministry of Law in Australia has advised all companies to make proper amounts of distinctions when devising these terms and conditions and to properly understand these very important principles of a contract (Klee 2015). The exclusion clauses The Exclusion clause has been serving many of its purposes in different amounts of contracts over the years, with its growing popularity many companies have made this practice to be mandatory in their contracts and therefore helping them escape futile and huge losses in the case of breaching by either themselves or the employees working for the company. The Exclusion clause has been simply explained as the part of the contract which explains that if a party is found in breaching of the contract would not be entitled to pay more than a fixed amount on the contract under the specific clause, these liabilities can also be found to be relating to the breaching of contracts by different employees in the company (Graw 2012). The principle of Duress The commonwealth law in Australia and the regulations imposed when combining all these different principles for the contract making under the ambit of law explain the principle of duress to be a state of contract formality where a single party has been either forced or manipulated to sign a contract and thus makes the part in debt of the other party which is obviously prevailing. The terms found unfair The year 2011, the Australian courts introduced a new revolution in the world of different consumer contract making and thus forming the Australian contract laws to be a more transparent and innovating gesture towards all the people. The phenomenon of unfair terms simply deals with the fact that the clauses which are often found to be unfair by both parties can simply be destroyed or voided in the form of either court rulings or mutual consent between both parties. The influence When considering the subjected effects of all the Australian contract law which have been specifically focused towards the protection of all parties and hence ensure that only the best amount of dealings can be performed the following influences on the business world of Australian companies and people can be critically evaluated. Eradication of Monopoly The eradication of different monopolized setups in Australia by different companies and even different people has been recognized as the most innate and important influence of the contract laws. The laws have provided the people diverse platform and different opportunities to seek out help in times when they are subjected to either unfair terms in different contracts or when they are forced to sign into a contract by a person or a company (Fisher 2014). This ensures not only the trust of people in the law enforcing agencies of the country but also develops a model nature which can be followed by all people and helps to justify the claims in the law book which says that the business venture between people in contracts should always be honest and in complete fairness to ensure a long lasting effect in the shape of either profit margins or capital rise. Transparency The most lucrative advantage of these laws being imposed on every contract formation in the company is the transparency they provide to the people while entering into an agreement with another party, the law states that the terms and conditions are the proof of how the commitment was initiated by both parties and under what sort of context (Bender Do 2014). The terms supply a complete different procedure whereas the conditions supply a complete different task. This makes it relatively easy for both parties to understand their stance in the contract and the procedure for which the contract has been devised. The transparency can also be adjudicated by different capacity clauses which have been released by the government, these laws explain that how a person can infer and evidently term the agreement as void if the partner is found to be under the influence of different drugs and alcohol abuse or his mentally unfit to run the business or sign the contract. The regard for law The biggest influence which the business fraternity has observed because of these laws being passed out is that the companies have been modulated and carefully specimen under the ambit of the state and all its regulations, this means that the company owners, no matter how much bigger companies they run will always have to remember that they are under the law whenever drafting or making different contracts with other companies (Baker et al. 2013). This step unifies all people under the law and helps to make the state run on peaceful grounds and for the betterment of the society. The overall cumulative influences of these laws bargained by the government have increased the flexibility in business and the revival of more sane practices amongst the people to ensure that the verbal agreement and the signing of the contract remains on the same ground of business ethics and the initial money which acts as the derivative does not cause humans to stray from their civic duties. This shows the important of contract law not only in terms of making something authentic but also to make it legally approved by the government of Australia. There are always some advantages of an agreement and in terms of contract law, it has far more significance than any other form of agreement. This is all about the contract law and its applications in Australia. References Baker, E., Mellors, B., Chalmers, S. and Lavers, A., 2013.FIDIC contracts: Law and practice. CRC Press. Bender, M. and Do, C., 2014.How to Pass Business Law. by CCH Australia Limited. Fisher, D.E., 2014. The rule of law, the public interest and the management of natural resources in Australia.Environmental and Planning Law Journal,31(3), pp.151-163. Graw, S., 2012. An introduction to the law of contract. Klee, L., 2015.International construction contract law. John Wiley Sons. Ndekugri, I. and Rycroft, M., 2014.JCT98 Building Contract: Law and Administration. Routledge. O'Sullivan, J. and Hilliard, J., 2016.The law of contract. Oxford University Press. Pargendler, M., 2016. The Role of the State in Contract Law: The Common-Civil Law Divide.Available at SSRN 2848886. Poole, J., 2012.Casebook on contract law. Oxford University Press. Schwenzer, I., Hachem, P. and Kee, C., 2012.Global sales and contract law. Oxford University Press. Sims, A., 2016, March. An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Unfair Contract Terms Law in New Zealand. InAnnual Conference of Australasian Law Teachers Association (ALTA) 2016: Advancing Better Government, Sustainable Economies, Vibrant CommunitiesLaws Role?. Australasian Law Teachers Association (ALTA). Wilson, S. and Sandford-Couch, C., 2016.Concentrate Questions and Answers Contract Law: Law Qa Revision and Study Guide. Oxford University Press. Wiseman, A. and Kovarsky, J., 2014. Australia-Regulatory Reform and Case Law Update.Int'l J. Franchising L.,12, p.31.

Sharias Case free essay sample

Would these concepts and procedures be applied differently in shari’a compliance audits compared to conventional financial statement audits? Explain. These concepts and procedures would be applied differently in shari’a compliance audits compared to conventional financial statement audits because it will affect the SSB and other oversight bodies that are charged with making initial decisions on which economic ventures, contracts, transactions and other business practices are shari’a compliant. ) Do you believe that the proposal to merge shari’a compliance audits with financial statement audits is feasible? Yes, there are many arguments that support that this merge between shari’a compliance audits and financial statement audits is possible: the effectiveness of the shari’a compliance function is being undercut by the lack of formal training in auditing concepts and auditing methodologies on the part of the religious scholars principally respo nsible for that function. ) Do you agree with the assertion that accounting can lead to perceptions of reality? Explain. We will write a custom essay sample on Sharias Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In deciding whether to adopt a proposed accounting standard, should accounting rule making bodies consider whether that standard might induce socially irresponsible behavior on the part of economic decision makers? Islam accepts the fact that accounting is a social construction and itself constructs social reality but this social reality which the accounting constructs must conform to the dictates of Islamic belief. A rule making body issues authorative shari’a auditing standards for all Islamic banks and other Islamic businesses and it will be the most effective way to eliminate problems within the Islamic economy. The most effort to develop a body of consistent standards for shari’a audits has been undertaken by the accounting and auditing organization for Islamic financial institutions (AAOIFI). 4) Identify the key challenges that the big four firms will likely face in their efforts to establish a major presence in the Islamic banking industry. The role of the external auditor to Islamic financial institutions requires a different skill set and experience to that possessed by some accounting organizations. * Issuing a marketing brochure that identifies the wide range of professional services the firm could offer Islamic banks. * Meeting the needs of Islamic financial institutions across national boundaries. * Leading providers of professional accounting, auditing, and consulting services to the Islamic finance sector. * Hiring an Islamic religious scholar. * Offering shari’a audit services.

Slavery In Times Essays - Elections, Slavery, Democracy,

Slavery In Times Slavery! When I think of government, the first type that comes to mind is a democratic government. I am most used to it because I live in, theoretically, a democratic society. So with that, my views are based on a democratic ideal. First, the reason I think people establish governments is so that they can work together as a whole to attain a better life. One where they would not need to worry about chaos and destruction. I would assume that if these individuals established a government, in order to have a civil state, they would want no one person, or few persons, to have complete control over them. The people wouldn't voluntarily give their lives to a rulers' ideals. Hopefully, they would all know that the best ideals are the ideals of all the people brought together, in an organized fashion, to form a consensus. In a representative government, this would be done by voting for a representative that holds beliefs close to those of the people he or she is representing. In reading Rousseau's selection, I have to agree with his idea that no single person would voluntarily allow his or her life to be the property of an another. That person just might as well save themselves from years of suffering and just commit suicide. In terms of government, citizens of a state would not give up all of their freedoms at the single command of the government's wishes. What's the point of searching for a better life if the government is taking complete control of how you do it? It defeats the ideals of human nature. Those that make us strive for that better life. People still feel the need to be an individual, even when they are a part of a huge government. Of course, in today's society, we give up some freedoms to have a voice in the consensus, such as killing someone at pure will. For example, here in the United States, when the Constitution was written, we agreed to abide by its laws, even as they change through the course of time. We, as citizens of this country, agree that, as so long as we vote the laws into action, we will follow them. Theoretically, the people make the laws that they live by. This is done through their representative in government. This concept is great, but it does not always work. For instance the prohibition of alcohol in the early 1920's. Thankfully, we allow this process to be flexible. The prohibition of alcohol was later repealed. When slavery is practiced, the masters are going against the ideal of human nature that we are all responsible for our own lives. In condoning slavery, the masters are agreeing that even their own life can be the property of another. I am sure that they would not enjoy being a slave. We live in this world as the only beings that can rationalize logically. I believe that freedom is one of those human nature elements. I think that being a slave would only make you realize how important it is to have freedom. Too bad that we, who are free, take it for granted. And I think that had the masters of slaves appreciated their own freedom, they would have understood what they were doing. I hope.

Fire Prevention at Waste Handling and Control

Fire Prevention at Waste Handling and Control Solid Waste Management Systems Waste management systems cover processes of collection, temporal storage, internal transportation, treating, and finally the goal of garbage disposal or remains generated from garbage management procedures (Douncet Gilyeat 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Prevention at Waste Handling and Control specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other common terms related to waste management systems include; waste handling, waste storage, waste processing and waste treatment. Waste handling comprises all the processes concerned with the transportation from the point of generation. Waste handling systems and equipment generally include chutes, transportation vehicles and carts. Waste storage comprises all the processes of containing generated waste in controlled places, after collection and transport, before handling, recycling, treatment or final disposal. Waste storage systems vary based on the type of waste, constituents, properties, mode of collection and transportation. Bulky wastes can be stored in pits o silos, while bags, drums or containers are used for containing smaller wastes. Waste processing refers to processes that alter physical properties, shape, size or consistency. Common systems and equipment used in waste processing comprise compactors, shredders, escapsulators, extruders, crushers, pulpers, pulverizers, baggers and dewatering equipment. Solid waste management deals with all types of refuse ranging from municipal waste management, recycling programs, composts, and incinerators. The type of waste management systems applied differs based on several factors, including kinds of wastes generated, components, forms, characteristics, amount, and the rate at which they are generated. Waste management systems can range from simple to complex.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different processes and equipment exist for the management of industrial garbage. The applied devices vary depending on the kinds, amounts, forms, and hazardous components of the garbage. Solid industrial wastes management varies from simple to complex systems. There are systems for storage, handling and storage. Systems and equipment for handling trash include chutes, carts, elevators, conveyors, vehicles for transportation. Solid wastes can be classified into any of the following classes namely; putrescibles ( these are wastes generated from houses, animal wastes or agricultural wastes etc), bulky combustibles-wood, cloth and wastes found on streets; bulky noncombustible wastes like metallic items and minerals; small combustible material (same as bulky combustible, the only difference is the size); non empty cans and bottles; powder and dusts e.g. explosives; sludge; pathological wastes; abandoned automobiles; wastes from construction and demolition; and radiological wastes (Douncet Gilyeat 12). Waste Chutes and Handling Systems A waste chute is generally a system that is fixed for moving garbage from where it is produced or temporarily stored to a central point so that it can be collected, processed, treated or finally disposed. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) regulates construction of waste chutes and their maintenance (Drake 1). NFPA 82, called the Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment, stipulates the minimum requirements for waste chutes that all landlords must adhere to, however other codes also must be taken into account. Five categories of chutes can be identified namely; general access, gravity types systems; limited access, gravity types systems; pneumatic system; gravity –pneumatic system; and multi-pneumatic loading system. General access, gravity types systems have a vertical passage enclosed inside that allows garbage to flow by gravitational force.Adver tising We will write a custom essay sample on Fire Prevention at Waste Handling and Control specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Citizens residing in apartments with this kind of chute cannot access this system. Limited access, gravity types systems are more or less the same as general access, gravity types systems, the only difference is that in the latter entry is limited. Access can be through chute entry doors that are locked or maybe closed service opening space doors. These types of chutes are mainly found in health facilities. Pneumatic systems make use of air-circulation to move trash from chute openings to a centralized point for collection. They can be installed horizontally, vertically or diagonally, based on blow and the characteristic of making them. They are mostly found in hospitals. Nonetheless, these chutes can be utilized everywhere-apartments clubs, or restaurants. Gravity-pneumatic system employs gravitational force t o connect a receiving compartment that connects to pneumatic chute system. Multiloading pneumatic system is the same as pneumatic; the difference is that access in the latter uses automatic doors to close. Safety officers should pay great attention in designing and building chute systems. In order to contain fires in buildings, we cannot afford to ignore waste handling systems and chute design. In case of a fire outbreak, waste chutes can easily act as conduits of fueling fires or conveying smokes in residential apartments or work premises. Moreover, chutes are believed to be garbage storage locations as they can be blocked anytime when in use, hence pose a threat of smoke and fire outbreak. NFPA has developed standards which are supposed to be followed with respect to constructing chutes, the systems of enclosures, fire dampers, sprinklers, and service openings. All these standards are geared towards one major goal-reducing the chances of fire outbreaks and control of the same. Fir e prevention Fire prevention can minimize the damage to properties, injury, health, and ecological risks of landfill fires. The cost of prevention is generally low compared to the cost of fighting and cleaning up a fire.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In most cases, especially for bigger landfills, fire prevention efforts and measures are mandatory. Proper landfill management is crucial for effective landfill fire prevention methods. Management procedures comprise of restricting all types of calculated fire, carefully examining and controlling the influx of wastes, compressing wastes buried to thwart hot spots from forming, banning cigarette smoking near or onsite, and finally tightening security measures onsite. Methane gas must be detected and managed at a Landfill site (World Bank). The emission of methane gas is dangerous not only to the environment but also poses a great health risk to the residents living close to the landfill sites. Methane gas, a highly inflammable gas, can be disaster in waiting. According Federal Regulations all MSW landfill workers are mandated by law to carefully monitor the levels of methane gas after every four month per year. In instance where methane gas levels in or near the landfill build up to an explosive state, the landfill worker should take precautionary measures to curb any impeding hazard. They must also put into action a mitigation measures to avert risks of landfill fires (Boulevard 20). Incinerators Incineration is a waste management process which uses high temperatures for garbage treatment and disposal. Incinerators that are well constructed and maintained can go a long way in reducing the quantities of solid wastes generated from different sources by over 85 percent, thus huge sums of money could be saveds of domestic compactor include under -the counter and movable and can be purchased from convenient stores. This type minimizes fire risk of stored waste by trapping it in a metallic chamber under compaction. In spite of this, they should have the capacity for manual opening to enable waste to easily discard due to a mishap of power in the appliance. One the other hand, commercial-industrial compactors are mainly used by many household residences as a primary system for treating wastes, and aid in waste handling. Apart from being used inside houses or put outside, they can be fed to a chute or just hand-fed. Four types of commercial compactors include; bulkhead, extrude, carousel bag packer and container packer. Bulkhead type compacter is mounted on plate. Once the compacted waste is ready, it can be removed and then a bag placed at the same location and stuffed with a compacted block. But for the extruder compactor, waste is inserted via a cylindrical opening. Driving force forces the waste to be compressed as passes through the cylinder. In a Carousel bag packer, waste is compressed step by step in containers that are contains bag linings. The bag rotates enabling each bag to be filled. Lastly, for container packer, waste is compressed in a litter bin. This can be done either manually or by the use of machines. Apart from incinerators, compactors, shredders are also used in managing solid wastes. Codes, Regulations, and Standards In or der to manage, and dispose industrial wastes properly, an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of wastes, different types of technologies and processes, state regulations, codes and standards must be studied carefully. Important Federal Regulations providing guidelines for waste management and disposal include: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), Subtitle C, Hazardous wastes Regulations, 40 CFR, parts 260-265 and 122-124; Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, 10 CFR; clear Air Act of 1963 (CAA) and Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 and 1990; Oil Pollution Act of 1961; Federal Water Pollution Control act of 1948; occupational safety and Health Act of 1970 including National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Federal Pesticide Control Act of 1972 (FIFRA Act) (.(Adapted from the handbook on Waste handling and control by Lawrence and Sharon). The general standards for waste materials and how to manage waste include; NFPA 241 Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations; NFPA 251 Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction and Materials NFPA 252 Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies; NFPA 253 Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source; NFPA 255 Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials; NFPA 256 Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings; NFPA 257 Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block Assemblies; NFPA 258 Recommended Practice for Determining Smoke Generation of Solid Materials; NFPA 259 Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials; NFPA 260 Standard Methods of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture; NFPA 261 Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smolde ring Cigarettes; NFPA 262 Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces; NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls; NFPA 266 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Upholstered Furniture Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source; NFPA 267 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source; NFPA 268 Standard Test Method for Determining Ignitibility of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source; NFPA 269 Standard Test Method for Developing Toxic Potency Data for Use in Fire Hazard Modeling; NFPA 270 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Source in a Single Closed Chamber; NFPA 271 Standard Method of Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calo rimeter; NFPA 272 Standard Method of Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Upholstered Furniture Components or Composites and Mattresses Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter; NFPA 274 Standard Test Method to Evaluate Fire Performance Characteristics of Pipe Insulation; NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems; NFPA 430, Code for the storage of liquid and solid oxidizer; NFPA 484, Standard for Combustible Metals; NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids; NFPA 13 , Standard for the installation of Sprinkler systems; NFPA 30, flammable and combustible liquid code; NFPA 31, standard or the installation of burning equipments; NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas code; NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code; NFPA 68, and Standard on Explosion Protection by deflagration Venting (Adapted from NFPA). Today, solid waste management is a lucrative business accounting for bill ions of dollars or pounds in most developed countries. Waste collection companies collect tons of refuse per annum and sort it for reprocessing or final disposal. Many cities across the world demand residents to pay for garbage collection, while those in the countryside have dumpsites and recycling facilities for people to take their rubbish. The main aim is to cut down the amount of garbage blocking the lanes and degrading the environment, overlooking the possibility of waste recycling into important products or just discarded. Solid waste management systems are centered on designing ecologically friendly methods of disposing wastes. There are various categories of solid waste which are handled by waste management agencies. First and foremost we have recyclable garbage. These are items that are valuable. Solid waste management consists constructing to use scrap metals and other materials like glass, cans, paper, plastics, and wood. Second is toxic waste; this kind of garbage poses great risk to the environment; hence it should be disposed carefully. In most first world nations there are stringent guidelines on the management of such wastes. Some land lords can turn green waste into compost manure and use on their farms. This can improve soil fertility and hence boost food production. Green waste is productive than industrial wastes. Solid waste is collected in containers of varying sizes -household garbage bins, industrial dumpsites which are filled by persons or companies. Municipal Lorries transport the collected solid waste from streets on a regular basis. In some countries, Local governments have contracted private waste management companies to recycle, collect and treat the garbage generated from cities and industrial facilities. Most solid waste management facilities operate, maintain bigger dumpsite, while others burn their waste, using the energy produced by the incinerator to power a recycling plant or sell the electricity to companies that generate power. Waste management must take into consideration to avert possible fire outbreaks. Fire hazards can start during waste transportation, where it is generated, handling of waste, where it is temporarily stored, treatment and finally disposal. Therefore, fire safety measures must be taken into account in the design, building, and use of waste handling and treatment systems and equipment, like chutes, incinerators, compactors and shredders, as well as a stricter adherence to all Federal codes, standards and regulations. Wastes generated from industrial areas differ greatly from the domestic type; hence measures must be taken in the design of such incinerators for proper, safe, and efficient treatment and disposal in conformity with the set standards and complex regulations. Wastes generated from residences can be turned to useful products. Installing incinerators that are effective and efficient can convert wastes into energy to power cities across the world. Sustainable waste manag ement is the responsibility of each and every stakeholder. Boulevard, Wilson. Landfill Fires: Their magnitude, characteristics, and mitigation.  Virginia: United States Fire Administration National Fire Data Center, 2002. Print Douncet, Lawrence George, and Gilyeat Sharon. Fire protection handbook Vol 1. 20th Ed. Massachusetts: National Fire Protection Association, 2005.Print. Drake, Byrne. Trash Chute Requirements. n.d. Web. NFPA. List of NFPA codes standards. 2011. Web. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards World Bank. Urban Solid Waste Management. 2011.Web. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/EXTUSWM/0,menuPK:463847~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:463841,00.html

Is Animal Farm produced for the sake of art Essay

Is Animal Farm produced for the sake of art - Essay Example These ‘system’ or real events influenced novels could be categorized into two types; in the first type, the setting and scenes could be an exact replica of the real life happenings. In the second type, different sentences, characters, settings, etc come in to give a new interpretation, but at the same time based on the same real life happenings. In both the cases, there will be little scope for artistic leanings. This paper will look at one such novel, Animal Farm which was based on the real life happenings, and not produced for the sake of art. So, this paper will focus on the novel Animal Farm written by George Orwell, analyzing how the characters particularly Squealer was influenced, and had clear parallels with the Soviet rulers, diplomats and even media, and is not an artistic work. George Orwell, pseudonym for Eric Arthur Blair, was a famous English author, journalist and a political commentator. He became a well-known author mainly due to his two political anti-totalitarian works, Animal Farm and 1984. Both of which were written towards the end of his life. His shift in focus to political novels particularly anti totalitarian and pro-democratic socialist novels was an intentional one, influenced by the political climate of his period. So, Animal Farm published in 1945, is a cautionary tale against totalitarianism. â€Å"Russian rà ©gime must almost certainly be hostile to any revolution in the West† (Orwell). Cautionary tale in the sense, totalitarianism was not taken head on by Orwell instead he takes poke at totalitarianism through the main characters of the novel. The totalitarian regime in Soviet Union under Stalin was one of the main influences for George Orwell while writing Animal Farm. Even though, there have been no recorded evidence of Orwell visiting Soviet Union, he based all the details in the novel from the Soviet Union he knew, read, heard, etc.